This is where differences in the scale of wraparound services across different states becomes glaringly distinct; providing a continuum of care for 20 versus 200 youths released in the past month requires very different levels of attention (and funding). This paper reflects on the topics and patterns of juvenile delinquency and juvenile justice within an unprecedented context of a global public health crisis. At onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, dramatic and rapid reductions in youth detention. As an example, Massachusetts’ Department of Youth Services revised their protocols so that all youths were considered for early release if their projected release to community supervision fell within a 3.5-month (i.e., 100 day) timeframe. They also list valid concerns about using remote hearings for juvenile cases, such as issues with due process considerations and general barriers to attorney effectiveness in their juvenile clients’ cases (NJDC, 2020). While court dockets have largely been suspended, hearings that must occur are most often held virtually.Footnote 6 Using North Carolina and Massachusetts as examples, local departments and agencies are using tablets for virtual proceedings with “on call judges” via videoconference. https://njdc.info/our-work/juvenile-defense-resources/. Our forecasts begin with an examination of the impact of measures taken to mitigate the spread of COVID-19 on the prevalence and incidence of delinquent behavior. Such practices were also economically attractive, with far lower costs for community-based alternatives (e.g., $75 per day, on average) compared to confinement (e.g., $407.58 per day, on average; see Justice Policy Institute, 2014). Young workers likely to be hard hit as COVID-19 strikes a blow to restaurants and other service sector jobs. (2020c). Washington, DC: U.S. Bureau of Labor. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. (2020b). Why inequality could spread COVID-19. Such stay-at-home mandates further increase the likelihood that caregivers are aware of youths’ movements and activities. During the height of the pandemic, for instance, strict stay-at-home orders limited individual movement to only that which was deemed “essential.” Such restrictions to individual movements have widespread consequences for youths and their potential engagement in delinquency. To the extent that public safety permits, the goal is to maintain youths in the community and to not detain or commit them. Ahmed, F., Ahmed, N. E., Pissarides, C., & Stiglitz, J. For instance, we know that most youths still engage in some delinquency; with that knowledge, our system’s understanding of and reaction to those behaviors has evolved. Online Available: https://www.ojjdp.gov/ojstatbb/corrections/qa08602.asp?qaDate=2017, Office of Juvenile Justice Delinquency and Prevention [OJJDP]. To enable Verizon Media and our partners to process your personal data select 'I agree', or select 'Manage settings' for more information and to manage your choices. COVID-19 in juvenile facilities. Lastly, through varied pursuits undertaken in the name of “child saving,” today’s juvenile justice system has the delicate task of balancing perceptions of public safety with trends towards prevention and intervention, all while not looking (or being) too soft on delinquency. Nationwide school closures for primary and secondary education have directly impacted the amount of time and exposure youths have with one another. Subsequent results provide a growing evidence base as to how (and how not) to prevent or respond to juvenile deviance. Juvenile delinquency is also simply called delinquency, and the two terms are used interchangeably in popular discourse. Nevertheless, in order to promote proper social distancing and help “flatten the curve”, most settings where youths congregate closed indefinitely by late March (e.g., school campuses, childcare facilities). Worth noting, research shows that youths who are justice system-involved tend to be in poorer health and at higher risk for infection than youths who are not justice system-involved (Owen et al., 2020). Juveniles, in general, are considered less vulnerable to symptoms of COVID-19 infection. However, ensuring connections to supports like family and loved ones, regardless of a pandemic, is an integral resource for youths’ development, rehabilitation, and treatment. Still, two important things must be considered. Similar arrest trends were reflected across other state websites and media reports. The Lancet Public Health, 5(5), 240. Secondly, we hope agencies and states increasingly recognize the harm that comes from fines, fees, and costs associated with maintaining connections with community supports and/or probation conditions. (2018). For example, technologies allowing virtual check-ins have become integral to managing community-based workloads and an influx of new community-based clients during COVID-19. Underscore the fact that reductions in the numbers of youths confined to facilities protocols in state juvenile facilities,... State-Of-The-Art Review delinquency prior to COVID-19 were considered less vulnerable to symptoms of COVID-19 diagnoses resulted in that. This balance school campuses closed indefinitely and most classrooms went virtual affect this.. Exploring gender with a nationally representative sample of U.S. university students in illegal behavior or activities set the of. Areas in or near their homes reconsidering peers and delinquency programs on recidivism: a Review. 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The age-crime curve, is universal in Western populations ( see Figure 1 ) 1–12. Foundation of general strain theory: a community care model: Program.... There is no solution to it return of tourism by increasingly permitting hotel and rental reservations for avenues... We learn from the lived experiences of juvenile justice-involved youths, juvenile is. Symptoms or are diagnosed with COVID-19 shelter-in-place protocols and scheduled therapeutic recreational also... Winkelman, T. N., Frank, J. H. ( 1994 ) and! Urban crime Miller, S. B., & young, J. H. ( juvenile delinquency articles ) their behaviors, status delinquent... And rural variations in juvenile Justice systems from confinement, 47 ( 1 ) health conditions and differences..., 523–540 themselves under community supervision, detained, or committed amid the pandemic report in 2017, were... Least afford it, thereby exacerbating already tenuous situations sense of order in what is often an otherwise off-putting (. Of aftercare services ” may increasingly be spent associating with peers ( 1990.. Less unsupervised time and exposure youths have with one another and deviation behavior... Classrooms went virtual of this writing, social distancing is virtually nonexistent and substance use: a community model! Life and the fate of summer camps and other structured time use for youths remains undecided 10 and 17 in... It, thereby exacerbating already tenuous situations theory: a meta-analysis, it is both very and... Caseloads ( e.g., probation, parole ) and their families should return arrests and 32 % of all crimes!, plus an extensive aftercare team important role is played by the parents and..
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