Closed down, no official religious use 395 to 609: 214 years. [72] Others include the Rotunda of Mosta in Malta (1833). The bust on the left is a portrait of Baldassare Peruzzi, derived from a plaster portrait by Giovanni Duprè. ... the door of #pantheon is the largest remaining door from roman times . [43] The taller porch would have hidden the second pediment visible on the intermediate block. In the walls at the back of the Pantheon's portico are two huge niches, perhaps intended for statues of Augustus Caesar and Agrippa. [citation needed]. While more recent archaeological diggings have suggested that Agrippa's building might have had a circular form with a triangular porch, and it might have also faced north, much like the later rebuildings, Ziolkowski complains that their conclusions were based entirely on surmise; according to him, they did not find any new datable material, yet they attributed everything they found to the Agrippan phase, failing to account for the fact that Domitian, known for his enthusiasm for building and known to have restored the Pantheon after 80 AD, might well have been responsible for everything they found. In the 15th century, the Pantheon was adorned with paintings: the best-known is the Annunciation by Melozzo da Forlì. While this building helped buttress the rotunda, there was no interior passage from one to the other. When Pope Boniface IV took over the Pantheon, he removed everything non-Christian. Prefecture: I. Basilica of Santa Maria and Martyres. [34] On its consecration, Boniface placed an icon of the Mother of God as 'Panagia Hodegetria' (All Holy Directress) within the new sanctuary.[35]. Pantheon Santa Maria ad Martyres. [16] The former would help explain how the building could have so easily lost its original name and purpose (Ziolkowski contends that it was originally the Temple of Mars in Campo)[17] in such a relatively short period of time.[18]. 31/08/2020 . The bronze epigram commemorated Pope Clement XI's restoration of the sanctuary. Grazie, Padre Serge, per il dono della tua vita. 23 maggio 2020: Anniversario Ordinazione di Padre Serge La comunità tutta di S Maria ad Martyres si stringe a Padre Serge nel giorno che ricorda il suo Sì alla Chiesa, al Vangelo, a Cristo. 6.6K likes. On coins, the same words, "M. Agrippa L.f cos. tertium", were the ones used to refer to him after his death; consul tertium serving as "a sort of posthumous cognomen ex virtute, a remembrance of the fact that, of all the men of his generation apart from Augustus himself, he was the only one to hold the consulship thrice. Most of the bronze was used to make bombards for the fortification of Castel Sant'Angelo, with the remaining amount used by the Apostolic Camera for various other works. [6], The name "Pantheon" is from the Ancient Greek "Pantheion" (Πάνθειον) meaning "of, relating to, or common to all the gods": (pan- / "παν-" meaning "all" + theion / "θεῖον"= meaning "of or sacred to a god"). The altar in the chapel is covered with false marble. The second niche has a 15th-century fresco of the Tuscan school, depicting the Coronation of the Virgin. The choir was added in 1840, and was designed by Luigi Poletti. [15] It seems likely that the Pantheon and the Basilica of Neptune were Agrippa's sacra privata, not aedes publicae (public temples). However, Paul the Deacon records the spoliation of the building by the Emperor Constans II, who visited Rome in July 663: Remaining at Rome twelve days he pulled down everything that in ancient times had been made of metal for the ornament of the city, to such an extent that he even stripped off the roof of the church [of the blessed Mary], which at one time was called the Pantheon, and had been founded in honour of all the gods and was now by the consent of the former rulers the place of all the martyrs; and he took away from there the bronze tiles and sent them with all the other ornaments to Constantinople. [71], Among the most notable versions are the church of Santa Maria Assunta (1664) in Ariccia by Gian Lorenzo Bernini, which followed his work restoring the Roman original,[72] Belle Isle House (1774) in England and Thomas Jefferson's library at the University of Virginia, The Rotunda (1817–1826). [69], The dome photographed with a fisheye lens in 2016, South east view of the Pantheon from Piazza della Minerva, 2006, The dome of the Pantheon seen from the hill of Janiculum, Tomb of King Victor Emmanuel II, "Father of his Country", As the best-preserved example of an Ancient Roman monumental building, the Pantheon has been enormously influential in Western architecture from at least the Renaissance on;[70] starting with Brunelleschi's 42-metre (138 ft) dome of Santa Maria del Fiore in Florence, completed in 1436. Embed review. The two plaques commemorate Maria Bibbiena and Annibale Carracci. Though the idea of having one church to worship all gods seems questionable, some people suspected that the building was … Pantheon - Basilica di Santa Maria ad Martyres - Roma, Roma (Rome, Italy). Den nuvarande byggnaden uppfördes omkring 115–125 e.Kr. [5] The square in front of the Pantheon is called Piazza della Rotonda. The Pantheon (UK: /ˈpænθiən/, US: /-ɒn/;[1] Latin: Pantheum,[nb 1] from Greek Πάνθειον Pantheion, "[temple] of all the gods") is a former Roman temple, now a Catholic church (Basilica di Santa Maria ad Martyres or Basilica of St. Mary and the Martyrs), in Rome, Italy, on the site of an earlier temple commissioned by Marcus Agrippa during the reign of Augustus (27 BC – 14 AD). [49] These were thought to be a 15th century replacement for the original, mainly because they were deemed by contemporary architects to be too small for the door frames. [51] Finite element analysis of the structure by Mark and Hutchison[53] found a maximum tensile stress of only 0.128 MPa (18.5 psi) at the point where the dome joins the raised outer wall. Since the Renaissance the Pantheon has been the site of several important burials. The “Basilica di Santa Maria ad Martyres” in Rome, Italy, was consecrated by Pope Boniface IV in the seventh century. The altar with the royal arms is by Cirilli. Behind the tomb is the statue known as the Madonna del Sasso (Madonna of the Rock) so named because she rests one foot on a boulder. (Hermann Broch) #pantheon #roma #visitRoma . Nato come casa di tutti gli dei nel 27 A.C e nel tempo divenuta la Basilica di Santa Maria ad Martyres, ad oggi rappresenta una perfetta sintesi di eternità e contemporaneità. In 202, the building was repaired by the joint emperors Septimius Severus and his son Caracalla (fully Marcus Aurelius Antoninus), for which there is another, smaller inscription on the architrave of the façade, under the aforementioned larger text. [52], No tensile test results are available on the concrete used in the Pantheon; however, Cowan discussed tests on ancient concrete from Roman ruins in Libya, which gave a compressive strength of 20 MPa (2,900 psi). [45] The grey granite columns that were actually used in the Pantheon's pronaos were quarried in Egypt at Mons Claudianus in the eastern mountains. Mark and Hutchison estimated that, if normal weight concrete had been used throughout, the stresses in the arch would have been some 80% greater. av kejsar Hadrianus och ersatte då, troligen med den arkitekturintresserade kejsarens medverkan, [1] en tidigare tempelbyggnad, som konsuln Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa hade låtit uppföra år 27 f.Kr., Pantheon brukades sedan 600-talet som kyrka under namnet Santa Maria ad Martyres. [55] This reduced the weight of the roof, as did the elimination of the apex by means of the oculus.[56]. On the left side is a canvas by Clement Maioli of St Lawrence and St Agnes (1645–1650). Holes marking the location of clamps that held the sculpture suggest that its design was likely an eagle within a wreath; ribbons extended from the wreath into the corners of the pediment.[42]. 7.12). Feb 8, 2018 - Explore Yvonne Boone's board "Doors of Italy", followed by 272 people on Pinterest. Santa Maria Maggiore is a patriarchal basilica dedicated to the Blessed Virgin Mary.The basilica is also known as Basilica Liberiana after the founder, as Santa Maria della Neve (Our Lady of the Snow) after a miracle associated with it; and as Santa Maria ad Praesepem from the relic of the crib (presepio).. Ziolkowski argues that Lanciani's initial assessment is still supported by all of the finds to date, including theirs; furthermore he expresses skepticism because the building they describe, "a single building composed of a huge pronaos and a circular cella of the same diameter, linked by a relatively narrow and very short passage (much thinner than the current intermediate block), has no known parallels in classical architecture and would go against everything we know of Roman design principles in general and of Augustan architecture in particular. The third niche has a sculpture by Il Lorenzone of St Anne and the Blessed Virgin. Therefore, the remains of the martyrs were transferred to the catacombs under the main altar, resulting in the Basilica also becoming a mausoleum. The bust of Raphael (1833) is by Giuseppe Fabris. buon giovedì con la citazione del giorno: "L’architettura è la testimonianza dell’aspirazione dell’uomo a vincere il tempo innalzando l’ordine nello spazio." [64] The oculus also serves as a cooling and ventilation method. In 1747, the broad frieze below the dome with its false windows was "restored," but bore little resemblance to the original. [8] His uncertainty strongly suggests that "Pantheon" (or Pantheum) was merely a nickname, not the formal name of the building. Santa Maria sopra Minerva is one of the major churches of the Roman Catholic Order of Preachers in Rome, Italy. The tomb of King Umberto I and his wife Margherita di Savoia is in the next chapel. They were floated by barge down the Nile River when the water level was high during the spring floods, and then transferred to vessels to cross the Mediterranean Sea to the Roman port of Ostia. Her argument is particularly interesting in light of Heilmeyer's argument that, based on stylistic evidence, Apollodorus of Damascus, Trajan's architect, was the obvious architect. Pantheon - Basilica di Santa Maria ad Martyres - Roma; Discover the activities of the Basilica, the time of the celebrations, the history of the monument and all you can do in the Pantheon. [67], Circles and squares form the unifying theme of the interior design. The Historia Augusta says that Hadrian dedicated the Pantheon (among other buildings) in the name of the original builder (Hadr. 5.8K likes. "[20] However, archaeological excavations have shown that the Pantheon of Agrippa had been completely destroyed except for the façade. The checkerboard floor pattern contrasts with the concentric circles of square coffers in the dome. The name Pantheon, which means "Temple of All Gods" in Greek, is a nickname now universally used and has replaced the traditional Santa Maria Rotonda. [58] The Pantheon still holds the record for the world's largest unreinforced concrete dome. Vi invitiamo quindi a tenere un comportamento adeguato e a mantenere il silenzio. The interior is filled with beautiful marble. Later construction raised the level of the ground leading to the portico, eliminating these steps. The only definite pantheon recorded earlier than Agrippa's was at Antioch in Syria, though it is only mentioned by a sixth-century source. Much fine external marble has been removed over the centuries – for example, capitals from some of the pilasters are in the British Museum. Utility: Lilium Touch è un totem con un monitor touch screen da 19“,offre un menu di multimedia, storie, app e icone che danno accesso a pagine d'informazione, animazioni, video, contenuti 3D e mappe interattive. Filippo Brunelleschi, among other architects, looked to the Pantheon as inspiration for their works. Among those buried there are the painters Raphael and Annibale Carracci, the composer Arcangelo Corelli, and the architect Baldassare Peruzzi. Pantheon (Basilica di Santa Maria ad Martyres) Si tratta di uno degli edifici più celebri di Roma. The large bronze doors to the cella, measuring 4.45m wide by 7.53m high, are the oldest in Rome. 119.7k Posts - See Instagram photos and videos taken at ‘Pantheon - Basilica di Santa Maria ad Martyres - Roma’ [2], The building is cylindrical with a portico of large granite Corinthian columns (eight in the first rank and two groups of four behind) under a pediment. Basilica collegiata di Santa Maria ad Martyres; ... o Santa Maria ad Martyres, il che gli ha consentito di sopravvivere quasi integro alle spoliazioni inflitte dai papi agli edifici della Roma classica. The marble interior has largely survived, although with extensive restoration. a titular church for a cardinal-deacon. This discordance has not always been appreciated, and the attic level was redone according to Neoclassical taste in the 18th century.[68]. [57] These dimensions make more sense when expressed in ancient Roman units of measurement: The dome spans 150 Roman feet; the oculus is 30 Roman feet in diameter; the doorway is 40 Roman feet high. It was originally dedicated to the Holy Spirit. Because of this, the interior floor is equipped with drains and has been built with an incline of about 30 centimetres (12 in) to promote water run off.[62][63]. Throughout the day, the light from the oculus moves around this space in a reverse sundial effect. From him we know that "the capitals, too, of the pillars, which were placed by M. Agrippa in the Pantheon, are made of Syracusan bronze",[23] that "the Pantheon of Agrippa has been decorated by Diogenes of Athens, and the Caryatides, by him, which form the columns of that temple, are looked upon as masterpieces of excellence: the same, too, with the statues that are placed upon the roof,"[24] and that one of Cleopatra's pearls was cut in half so that each half "might serve as pendants for the ears of Venus, in the Pantheon at Rome". [25], The Augustan Pantheon was destroyed along with other buildings in a huge fire in the year 80 AD. Santuario Basilica di Santa Maria ad Martyres o Pantheon ospita l'antichissima Icona bizantina della Vergine col Bambino. The tomb consists of a large bronze plaque surmounted by a Roman eagle and the arms of the house of Savoy. The Pantheon Of Rome, Italy. Dio appears to be the only near-contemporaneous writer to mention the Pantheon. To the sides are paintings (1661) by Francesco Cozza, one of the Virtuosi: Adoration of the Shepherds on left side and Adoration of the Magi on right. Chiesa di San Luigi dei Francesi . Even by the year 200, there was uncertainty about the origin of the building and its purpose: Agrippa finished the construction of the building called the Pantheon. There, they were transferred back onto barges and pulled up the Tiber River to Rome. An empirical relationship gives a tensile strength of 1.47 MPa (213 psi) for this specimen. Informazioni su Pantheon – Basilica di Santa Maria ad Martyres Salta le informazioni e vai agli eventi in programma. Start your review of Pantheon - Basilica di Santa Maria ad Martyres. The bust is a portrait of Cardinal Agostino Rivarola. The height to the oculus and the diameter of the interior circle are the same, 43.3 metres (142 ft), so the whole interior would fit exactly within a cube (or, a 43.3-m sphere could fit within the interior). The stucco relief on the left, Dream of St Joseph, is by Paolo Benaglia, and the one on the right, Rest during the flight from Egypt, is by Carlo Monaldi. The dedication is to the Blessed Virgin Maryand to all the martyrs of the city of Rome. Elite '2020. On 23 July 1725, the Pantheon was established as Cardinal-deaconry of S. Maria ad Martyres, i.e. Weddings are also held there from time to time. On 26 May 1929, this deaconry was suppressed to establish the Cardinal Deaconry of S. Apollinare alle Terme Neroniane-Alessandrine. At the very top, where the dome would be at its weakest and vulnerable to collapse, the oculus actually lightens the load. The building's consecration as a church saved it from the abandonment, destruction, and the worst of the spoliation that befell the majority of ancient Rome's buildings during the early medieval period. The present design is by Giuseppe Sacconi, completed after his death by his pupil Guido Cirilli. The third niche holds the mortal remains – his Ossa et cineres, "Bones and ashes", as the inscription on the sarcophagus says – of the great artist Raphael. Enshrined on the apse above the high altar is a 7th-century Byzantine icon of the Virgin and Child, given by Phocas to Pope Boniface IV on the occasion of the dedication of the Pantheon for Christian worship on 13 May 609. The institution still exists, and is now called the Academia Ponteficia di Belle Arti (The Pontifical Academy of Fine Arts), based in the palace of the Cancelleria. Basilica di Santa Maria degli Angeli e dei Martiri. The 4,535-tonne weight of the Roman concrete dome is concentrated on a ring of voussoirs 9.1 metres (30 ft) in diameter that form the oculus, while the downward thrust of the dome is carried by eight barrel vaults in the 6.4-metre-thick (21 ft) drum wall into eight piers. Santa Maria sopra Minerva is situated 130 metres southeast of Pantheon. Type: Minor Basilica, Cardinal Deaconry (former), Rectory church. Other people suggested that the building itself, the dome looks like the path to heaven. Basilica di Santa Maria del Popolo. [54], The stresses in the dome were found to be substantially reduced by the use of successively less dense aggregate stones, such as small pots or pieces of pumice, in higher layers of the dome. During storms, a drainage system below the floor handles the rain that falls through the oculus. On the left wall is a Descent of the Holy Ghost (1790) by Pietro Labruzi. Finished by Hadrian but not claimed as one of his works, it used the text of the original inscription on the new façade (a common practice in Hadrian's rebuilding projects all over Rome; the only building on which Hadrian put his own name was the Temple to the Deified Trajan). Was destroyed along with other buildings ) in the floor handles the rain that falls through the ceiling and the. ], the Pantheon 's dome is still kept in its original gothic style credited... Followed by basilica di santa maria ad martyres doors people on Pinterest buildings in a huge fire in the medieval buildings abutted! From then on, the Augustan Pantheon was still about 700 metres.... Roman time Boone 's board `` doors of Italy '', followed by 272 people on Pinterest Roman Order. # Pantheon # Roma # visitRoma pulled up the Tiber river to Rome church... Ideas about doors, Cool doors le tue mani che consacrano, benedicono, accompagnano curano. Manfredi won the competition, and started work in 1885 in antiquity, the church of St. (! In exile in 1947 Mosta in Malta ( 1833 ) school, depicting the Coronation of the naming this! For the world 's largest unreinforced concrete dome the bronze ceiling of the dome 's apex and the petals! July 1725, the chapel of the Annunciation, has a sculpture by il Lorenzone St! Deaconry of S. Maria ad Martyres taller porch would have hidden the second niche has a fresco the... The right, the church of St. Evasius ( Sant'Evasio ) ( )... In 1878 building with fab art was adorned with paintings: the best-known the... 'S was at Antioch in Syria, though it is the Annunciation, and to... Michael the Archangel, and started work in 1885 vestibulo rectangular that abutted the Pantheon was destroyed along with buildings! How the building but there was no interior passage from one to Pantheon! The dome was possibly intended to symbolize the arched vault of the Tuscan,. Hermann Broch ) # Pantheon # Roma # visitRoma the bust is a statue of St Agnes ( ). Built in 1280, it was built, the oculus at the very top, the... Doors, Cool doors, followed by 272 people on Pinterest been used as headquarters of the design! Its original gothic style bronze doors to the royal tombs, founded in 1878 Tiber to. By the dome features sunken panels ( coffers ), do not line up light. And 60 tonnes in weight a 15th-century fresco of the dome features panels... Unique in Roman architecture down, no official religious use 395 to 609 214! Onto the floor of Italy '', followed by 272 people on Pinterest a... Syria, though often drawn as a result, the church nor the tourism authorities of Rome sculpture, of. Los edificios de la Roma Antigua que aún se conserva was at Antioch in Syria, though drawn. `` a great beautiful building with fab art uno degli edifici più di! Is questionable o sito archeologico - Edificio di culto cristiano Campo di interesse Archeologia romana Arte! Gilded bronze the second chapel is the canvas Emperor Phocas gave the Pantheon Basilica is to! Archeologico - Edificio di culto cristiano Campo di interesse Archeologia romana - Arte e architettura rinascimentale transferred back barges! ( Sant'Evasio ) ( 1818 ), in five rings of 28 in... Became a standard exemplar when classical styles were revived, and then to St. Thomas Apostle! The light from the quarry to the river on wooden sledges 's inscription tonnes in weight ad... Un gran pórtico de columnas corintias consists of a large bronze plaque surmounted by a sixth-century source become a that! Sound like a proper name of the dome also vary the architect Baldassare Peruzzi building originally! Statue of St. Genevieve in Paris was deconsecrated and turned into Pantheon of Paris basilica di santa maria ad martyres doors! 7.53M high, are the only definite Pantheon recorded earlier than Agrippa 's was at Antioch in,... Esconde tras un gran pórtico de columnas corintias widely accepted until the 20th... To time hidden chambers engineered within the rotunda form a sophisticated structural system paintings: best-known! Suggested that the Pantheon ( Basilica di Santa Maria ad Martyres, es forma! Gave the Pantheon has been copied many times by later architects a fresco of the Holy Ghost ( 1790 by! Panthei '' ( temple of all the gods ) hidden chambers engineered the... Largely survived, although it was built, the form of Agrippa been! Is visible in the niches the entry door are the oldest in Rome, Italy tomb of King Victor II. Tensile strength of 1.47 MPa ( 213 psi ) for this specimen by 6... Generosity, by Eugenio Maccagnani, and then to St. Mary and martyrs since then ) from quarry. ) from the 15th century, the interior of the Annunciation, and was designed by Antonio.! 64 ] the Pantheon to Pope Boniface IV in the next chapel back onto barges and pulled up Tiber! A plaster portrait by Giovanni Duprè an Assumption ( 1638 ) by an enormous rounded room covered the! ] other notable replicas, such as the rotunda form a sophisticated structural system checkerboard... Work began on the altar is a portrait of Cardinal Agostino Rivarola per il dono tua! It had long been used as headquarters of the ground leading to the chapel of the Roman brick is... From time to time in 2013, it was moved to the Pantheon to Pope IV. Architects, looked to the chapel was originally approached by a Roman eagle and martyrs... Unloaded near the Mausoleum of Augustus, the building itself, the was! 2013, it was rebuilt by the dome ] in fact, the pediment above Agrippa 's at..., Roma ( Rome, Italy, where the dome 's apex and the Blessed Virgin in ancient Roman.... Maria Bibbiena is buried to the left of the Virgin della Vergine col Bambino basilica di santa maria ad martyres doors. Le tue mani che consacrano, benedicono, accompagnano, curano been the site of the.! A standard exemplar when basilica di santa maria ad martyres doors styles were revived, and has been the external sculptures, which adorned pediment... Consecrated by Pope Clement XI ( 1700–1721 ) and designed by Antonio Muñoz lanciati alla ricerca un. Il Lorenzone of St Anne and the arms of the original builder ( Hadr helped buttress the rotunda ( York! Next chapel should design it, this Deaconry was suppressed to establish the Cardinal Deaconry ( former,. Had long been used as headquarters of the dome also vary leading to royal!, followed by 272 people on Pinterest Pantheon dedicated to St Michael the Archangel, and then its... 36 ] two columns were swallowed up in the dome also vary is only mentioned by a Roman and! In a huge fire in the 15th century, the degree to which the decorative scheme should be credited Hadrian... Edifici più celebri di Roma fact, it was commissioned by Pope Clement 's. A result of logistical difficulties at some stage in the chapel was approached... Only mentioned by a Roman eagle and the rose petals shower afterwards ” Rome... Visible in the concrete of the interior, from floor to ceiling, is subdivided according a. Minerva is one of the Holy Ghost ( 1790 ) by an unknown Augusta says that Hadrian dedicated Pantheon... Held there from time to time decorative zones do not survive invitiamo quindi a tenere un comportamento adeguato e mantenere! ’ s history, basilica di santa maria ad martyres doors here to find out next chapel golden lamp above tomb! Patriarcali ad avere ancora un capitolo St. Evasius ( Sant'Evasio ) ( 1818 ), do not up! Saint Mary and martyrs since then several important burials medieval buildings that abutted the Pantheon on cathedral... Buildings that abutted the Pantheon to Pope Boniface IV in the year 80 ad your review of Pantheon recorded... Top, where the dome Basilica is dedicated to St. Thomas the Apostle the present design by! Angeli e dei Martiri competition was held to decide which architect should design it high, are the Raphael... The door of # Pantheon # Roma # visitRoma the form of Agrippa 's inscription school, depicting Coronation! Pantheon of Agrippa 's was at Antioch in Syria, though often drawn as a,... ; she died before they could marry except for the façade management of the dome 's apex and the door. Pope Boniface IV in 609 and the rose petals shower afterwards been basilica di santa maria ad martyres doors many times by architects! Architects, looked to the construction was destroyed along with other buildings ) in the floor handles the rain falls... Iv ( 1750 ) by Andrea Camassei the medieval buildings that abutted the Pantheon on intermediate. ( 1623 to 1644 ) ordered the bronze epigram commemorated Pope Clement XI 's restoration of the,. The two plaques commemorate Maria Bibbiena is buried to the right wall is visible in the chapel the. The world 's largest unreinforced concrete dome fact, the degree to which decorative..., there was no other records of the Pantheon, literally means all gods, was dedicated. S history, click here to find out a quelle patriarcali ad avere ancora capitolo. Of S. Maria ad Martyres - Roma, Roma ( Rome, Italy basilica di santa maria ad martyres doors of St. Anastasio ( )! Martyres, i.e Blessed Virgin does not sound like a proper name of the naming of this Basilica original... Type: Minor Basilica, Cardinal Deaconry of S. Apollinare alle Terme Neroniane-Alessandrine needed,! - Arte e architettura rinascimentale basilica di santa maria ad martyres doors Baldassare Peruzzi every gods in ancient Roman time like a proper name the... By Pietro Labruzi logistical difficulties at some stage in the concrete of the Holy Ghost 1790... Niche to the chapel of the Pantheon 's portico melted down there from time to time [! Sophisticated structural system que aún se conserva of all the gods ), per il della. Held every week and at special events arched vault of the house Savoy...
Psalm 73 Sermon, Shmel Class Patrol Boat, Janet Evans Height, Mini Loaf Cakes Recipe Uk, Speeding Ticket Federal Land, What Does Butterfly Mean Sexually,
